Works of Wulfstan of York
Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York wrote some works in Latin, and numerous works in Old English, then the vernacular.[1] He has also been credited with a few short poems. His works can generally be divided into homiletic, legal, and philosophical (or socio-political) categories.
Homiletic
'Block' 1 ("Eschatological Homilies")
- De Anticristo [1] (Latin, Bethurum Ia)[2]
- De Anticristo [2] (Old English, Bethurum Ib)
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- Lectio Sancti Evangelii Secundum Matheum [3] (Old English, Bethurum II)
- Secundum Lucam[4] (Old English, Bethurum III)
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- De Temporibus Anticristi [5] (Old English, Bethurum IV)
- Secundum Marcum [6] (Old English, Bethurum V)
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'Block' 2 ("The Christian Faith")
- Incipiunt Sermones Lupi Episcopi (Old English, Bethurum VI)
- De Fide Catholica (Old English, Bethurum VII)
- To Eallum Folke (Old English, Bethurum VIIa)
- Incipit de Baptisma (Latin, Bethurum VIIIa)
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- Dominica Quaterna vel Quando Volueris (Old English, Bethurum VIIIb)
- Sermo de Baptismate (Old English, Bethurum VIIIc)
- De Septiformi Spiritu (Old English, Bethurum IX; a reworking of a homily by Ælfric)
- De Regula Canonicorum (Old English, Bethurum Xa; a translation of chapter 145 of the 816 Council of Aachen)
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- De Cristianitate (Latin, Bethurum Xb)
- Her Ongynð Be Cristendome (Old English, Bethurum XC; a reworking of Xa and Xb)
- Incipit de Visione Isaie Prophete Quam Vidit Super Idam et Hierusalem (Latin & Old English, Bethurum XI)
- De Falsis Deis (Old English, Bethurum XII; a reworking of a homily by Ælfric)
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'Block' 3 ("Archiepiscopal Functions")
- Sermo ad Populum (Old English, Bethurum XIII)
- Sermo in Quadragesima (Old English, Bethurum XIV)
- Sermo de Cena Domini (Old English, Bethurum XV)
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- Verba Ezechielis Prophete de Pastoribus non recte Agentibus (Latin, Bethurum XVIa)
- Verba Ezechielis Prophete de Pigris aut Timidis vel Negligentibus Pastoribus (Old English, Bethurum XVIb; a translation of XVIa)
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- Lectio Secundum Lucam (Old English, Bethurum XVII)
- De Dedicatione Ecclesiae (Old English, Bethurum XVIII)
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'Block' 4 ("Evil Days")
- Be Godcundre Warnunge (Old English, Bethurum XIX)
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- Her is gyt Rihtlic Warnung ond Soðlic Myngung Ðeode to Ðearfe (Old English, Bethurum XXI)
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Miscellaneous
- Untitled (Napier I)[3]
- Untitled (Napier XXIII)
- Untitled (Napier XXIV)
- To Folce (Napier XXV)
- To Eallum Folce (Napier XXVII)
- Be Mistlican Gelimpan (Napier XXXV)
- To Eallum Folce (Napier XXXVI)
- Her Is Gyt Oþer Wel God Eaca (Napier XXXVIII)
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- ?Ðis Man Gerædde, đa se Micela Here Com to Lande (Napier XXXIX)
- Larspel and Scriftboc (Napier XLVII; first part only)
- ?Larspel (Napier L)
- To Eallan Folke (Napier LI)
- To Mæssepreostum (Napier LII)
- To Mæssepreostum (Napier LIII)
- Sermo Lupi (Napier LIX)
- Be Hæðendome (Napier LX)
- Be Cristendome (Napier LXI)
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- ?Admonitio episcoporum utilis (Latin; ed. Hall;[4] in two versions)
- ?Admonitio spiritalis doctrinae (Latin; ed. Cross[5])
- ?Contra iniquos iudices et falsos testes (Latin; ed. Hall[6])
- ?De adiutorio Dei et libero arbitrio (Latin; ed. Hall[7])
- ?De blasphemia (Latin; ed. Elliot [8])
- ?De coniugio antiquo (Latin; ed. Cross-Hamer[8])
- ?De conversione et penitentia et communione (Latin; ed. Hall[9])
- ?De decimis dandis (Latin; ed. Hall[10])
- ?De diversitate ordinum (Latin; ed. Elliot [9])
- ?De dominis et seruis (Latin; ed. Hall[11])
- ?De ieiunio quattuor temporum (Latin; ed. Cross[5])
- ?De paenitentia communi pro quacumque tribulatione (Latin; ed. Elliot [10])
- ?De pastore et praedicatore (Latin; ed. Elliot [11])
- ?De rapinis ecclesiasticarum rerum (Latin; ed. Cross;[12] in two versions)
- ?De resurrectione mortuorum (Latin; ed. Hall[13])
- ?De veneratione sacerdotum (Latin; ed. Elliot [12]; in multiple versions)
- ?In nomine Domini (Latin; ed. di Sciacca[14])
- ?Sermo ad coniugatos et filios (Latin; ed. Hall[15])
- ?Sermo ad viduas (Latin; ed. Hall[16])
- ?Sermo sancti Augustini de baptismo non iterando (Latin; ed. Hall[17])
Legal
- Episcopus (Old English)[18]
- The Laws of Edward and Guthrum (Old English)
- ?The Northumbrian Priests' Law (Old English)
- The Canons of Edgar (Old English)[19]
- ?Collectio canonum Wigorniensis (Latin; a.k.a. Excerptiones pseudo-Ecgberhti)[20]
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- Ethelred's legislation, 1008, King's Enham (Latin & Old English; survives as VAtr, VIAtr, VIAtrLat, XAtr)
- Að (Old English)
- Mircna laga (Old English)
- Norðleoda laga (Old English)
- Ethelred's legislation, ca. 1009, Bath (Latin, VIIaAtr)
- Hadbot (Old English)
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- Geþyncðo (Old English)
- Grið (Old English)
- Ethelred's legislation, 1014 (Old English, VIIIAtr, ?IXAtr)
- Cnut's legislation, 1018 (Old English, Cn 1018)
- Cnut's legislation, 1020 (Old English, Cn 1020)
- Cnut's legislation (secular), ca. 1021 (Old English, ICn)
- Cnut's legislation (ecclesiastical), ca. 1021 (Old English, IICn)
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He also made revisions to
- King Athelstan's tithe ordinance (IAs)
- Edmund's London code (IEm)
- Edgar's Andover code (II-IIIEg)
Philosophical
- The Institutes of Polity I (Old English; original version)[21]
- The Institutes of Polity II (Old English; revision)
Poetical
- Qui legis hunc titulum (Latin; verses praising Wulfstan)[22]
- Poem on King Edgar's Succession (Old English; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E, s.a. 959)[23]
- Poem on King Edward's Succession (Old English; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D, s.a. 975)[24]
Notes
- ^ An up-to-date list is provided by Sara M. Pons-Sanz, 'A Reconsideration of Wulfstan's use of Norse-Derived Terms: The Case of Þræl', pp. 6-7.
- ^ Dorothy Bethurum, The Homilies of Wulfstan; all homilies, unless otherwise noted, are found in Bethurum.
- ^ Arthur Napier, Wulfstan: Sammlung der ihm zugeschriebenen Homilien
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 110–14.
- ^ a b James E. Cross, ‘A Newly-Identified Manuscript’, pp. 78–80.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 120–23.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 133–36.
- ^ James E. Cross & Andrew Hamer, eds., Wulfstan's Canon Law Collection, pp. 160–61.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 129–31.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 115–20.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 126–27.
- ^ James E. Cross, ‘Atto of Vercelli’, pp. 243–46
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 131–33.
- ^ C. di Sciacca, ‘Ubi sunt piece’, p. 226.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 123–25.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 127–28.
- ^ Thomas N. Hall, ‘Wulfstan’s Latin Sermons’, pp. 136–39.
- ^ Felix Liebermann, ed., Die Gesetze Der Angelsachsen vol 1; all Wulfstan's legal works, unless otherwise noted, are found in Liebermann's edition.
- ^ Roger Fowler, ed., The Canons of Edgar
- ^ James E. Cross & Andrew Hamer, eds., Wulfstan's Canon Law Collection
- ^ Karl Jost, ed., Die Institutes of Polity, Civil and Ecclesiastical
- ^ Bethurum, The Homilies of Wulfstan, pp. 377-78
- ^ Michael Swanton, ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. 114
- ^ Michael Swanton, ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. 121
References
- Texts
- Wulfstan (1963). Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. ed. Sermo Lupi Ad Anglos (3rd ed.). London: Methuen.
- Wulfstan; Karl Jost, ed (1959). Die ‘Institutes of Polity, Civil and Ecclesiastical’: ein Werk Erzbischof Wulfstans von York. Swiss Studies in English; 47. Bern: A. Francke AG Verlag.
- Wulfstan; Dorothy Bethurum, ed (1957). The Homilies of Wulfstan. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Wulfstan; Arthur Napier, ed (1883). Sammlung der ihm Zugeschriebenen Homilien nebst Untersuchungen über ihre Echtheit. Berlin: Weidmann. http://books.google.com/?id=WecUpDmMTrkC.
- Wulfstan; James E. Cross and Andrew Hamer, ed (1999). Wulfstan's Canon Law Collection. Anglo-Saxon Texts; I. Cambridge, UK: D. S. Brewer.
- Studies
- Cross, James E. (1993). "Atto of Vercelli, De pressuris ecclesiasticis, Archbishop Wulfstan and "Wulfstan’s Commonplace Book"". Traditio 48: 237–46.
- Cross, James E. (1992). Townend, Matthew. ed. A Newly-Identified Manuscript of Wulfstan’s "Commonplace Book", Rouen, Bibliothèque Municipale, MS. 1382 (U.109), fols. 173r–198v. ii. pp. 63–83.
- di Sciacca, Claudia (2007). "An unpublished Ubi sunt piece in Wulfstan's "Commonplace Book": Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 190, pp. 94–96". In P. Lendinara, L. Lazzari, and M. A. D'Aronco, ed. Form and content of instruction in Anglo-Saxon England in the light of contemporary manuscript evidence. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 93–139.
- Gatch, Milton McC. (1977). Preaching and Theology in Anglo-Saxon England: Ælfric and Wulfstan. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.
- Hall, Thomas N. (2004). "Wulfstan's Latin Sermons". In Matthew Townend, ed. Wulfstan, Archbishop of York: the Proceedings of the 2nd Alcuin Conference. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 93–139.
- Jost, Karl (1950). Wulfstanstudien. Bern: A. Francke.
- Lerer, Seth (1999). "Old English and its Afterlife". In David Wallace, ed. The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44420-9.
- Orchard, Adam (1991). "Wulstan the Homilist". In Michael Lapidge, ed. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Strayer, Joseph R., ed (1989). "Wulfstan of York". Dictionary of the Middle Ages. 1 & 12. New York: Scribner.
- Szarmach, Paul E., Tavormina, M. Teresa & Rosenthal, Joel T., ed (1998). "Wulfstan of York". Medieval England: an encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishers. ISBN 978-0824057862.
- Whitelock, ed, Dorothy (1942). "Archbishop Wulfstan, Homilist and Statesman". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4th Series 24 (24): pp. 25–45. doi:10.2307/3678467. JSTOR 3678467.
- Whitelock, Dorothy (1981). Councils and Synods, with other documents relating to the English Church, Volume 1: A.D. 871-1204 (pt. 1: 871-1066). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Whitelock, Dorothy (1937). "A Note on the Career of Wulfstan the Homilist". The English Historical Review 52: 460–65. doi:10.1093/ehr/LII.CCVII.460.
- Whitelock, Dorothy (1965). "Wulfstan at York". In Jess B. Bessinger & Robert P. Creed. Franciplegius: medieval and linguistic studies in honor of Francis Peabody Magoun Jr.. New York. pp. 214–231.
- Wilcox, Jonathan (2000). Paul E. Szarmach, ed. ed. The Wolf on Shepherds: Wulfstan, bishops, and the context of the Sermo Lupi ad Anglos. New York: Garland. pp. 395–418.
- Wormald, Patrick (1978). "Æthelred the Lawmaker". In David Hill. Ethelred the Unready: papers from the Millenary Conference. BAR British Series; 59. Oxford: [British Archaeological Reports]. pp. 47–80.
- Wormald, Patrick (1999). "Archbishop Wulfstan and the Holiness of Society". In D. Pelteret, ed. Anglo-Saxon History: basic readings. New York. pp. 191–224.
- Wormald, Patrick (2004). "Archbishop Wulfstan: eleventh-century state-builder". In Matthew Townend, ed. Wulfstan, Archbishop of York: the proceedings of the 2nd Alcuin Conference. Turnhout. pp. 9–27.
- Wormald, Patrick (2000). The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the twelfth century: Legislation and its Limits. 1. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Wormald, Patrick (2004). "Wulfstan (d. 1023)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30098. Retrieved 2008-03-30.